The present-day surface of volcanic rock is blasted by high temperatures and pressures. A runaway greenhouse effect turned all surface water into vapor, which then leaked slowly into space. It might once have been a habitable ocean world, like Earth, but that was at least a billion years ago. In some ways it is more an opposite of Earth than a twin: Venus spins backward, has a day longer than its year, and lacks any semblance of seasons. ![]() The atmosphere is so thick that, from the surface, the Sun is just a smear of light. Our nearest planetary neighbor, the second planet from the Sun, has a surface hot enough to melt lead. ![]() ![]() But pull up a bit closer, and Venus turns hellish. It's a cloud-swaddled planet named for a love goddess, often called Earth’s twin.
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